While the current simulation focuses on a Kinetic Impactor, a proven method, scientists are exploring more advanced systems. The "best" system depends on the asteroid's size, composition, and available warning time.
1. Gravity Tractor
Concept: A massive spacecraft flies alongside an asteroid for months or years. Its tiny, constant gravitational pull is enough to slowly and predictably alter the asteroid's trajectory.
Pros: High Precision, Safe for Rubble Piles, Non-destructive.
Cons: Extremely Slow (requires decades of lead time), Needs a Massive Spacecraft.
2. Laser Ablation System
Concept: A powerful laser is focused on the asteroid's surface, vaporizing rock into a jet of gas. This escaping gas acts like a small rocket engine, pushing the asteroid.
Pros: No Impact Needed, Scalable Thrust, Efficient.
Cons: Requires an immense power source, Complex Targeting.
3. Standoff Nuclear Detonation
Concept: A nuclear device is detonated at a calculated distance from the asteroid. The intense wave of radiation flash-heats and vaporizes the surface, creating a massive, powerful push.
Pros: Immense Power (for large, short-notice threats), Less Risk of Fracture than direct impact.
Cons: Political Issues, Risk of Fragmentation, Technologically Demanding.
4. Focused Solar Energy Concentrator
Concept: A large array of mirrors concentrates sunlight onto the asteroid, acting like a giant magnifying glass. This heats the surface, creating a gentle thrust from vaporizing rock.
Pros: Sustainable Thrust (uses sunlight), No Propellant Needed.
Cons: Very Slow, Complex to Deploy and Control Mirror Array.
